Section. 1.

All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Section. 2.

The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.

Section. 3.

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.

No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.

The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.

Section. 4.

The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.

Section. 5.

Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.

Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.

Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.

Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

Section. 6.

The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.

No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.

Section. 7.

All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.

Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.

Section. 8.

The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;

To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;

To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;

To establish Post Offices and post Roads;

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;

To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

To provide and maintain a Navy;

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;—And

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Section. 9.

The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.

No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.

No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

Section. 10.

No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.

No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.

第1節

この憲法で決めた立法の権限は全部、アメリカ合衆国の連邦議会が持つんやで。連邦議会っちゅうのは、上院と下院の2つでできとるんや。

第2節

下院は、各州の人らが2年ごとに選ぶ議員さんで作られるんやな。各州で投票できる人は、その州の議会で一番議員数が多い方の院に投票できる資格がある人やないとあかんねん。

下院議員になるには、25歳以上で、アメリカ市民になって7年以上たってて、選ばれるときにその州に住んどる人やないとあかんで。

下院の議員数と直接税は、連邦に入っとる各州の人口に応じて分けるんや。人口っちゅうのは、年季奉公しとる人も入れた自由人の数に、税金払わんインディアンを除いて、他の人の5分の3を足して計算するんやで。ほんまの人口調査は、連邦議会が初めて開かれてから3年以内にやって、その後は10年ごとに、法律で決めたやり方でやるんや。下院議員の数は、人口3万人につき1人を超えたらあかんけど、どの州も最低1人は議員を持つんやで。この人口調査ができるまでは、ニューハンプシャー州は3人、マサチューセッツ州は8人、ロードアイランドとプロビデンス植民地は1人、コネティカット州は5人、ニューヨーク州は6人、ニュージャージー州は4人、ペンシルベニア州は8人、デラウェア州は1人、メリーランド州は6人、バージニア州は10人、ノースカロライナ州は5人、サウスカロライナ州は5人、ジョージア州は3人を選ぶ権利があるんやな。

どっかの州で下院に空きができたら、その州の行政府が、その空きを埋めるための選挙をやる命令を出すんや。

下院は、議長さんと他の役員さんを自分らで選ぶんやで。それと、弾劾する権限も下院だけが持っとるんや。

第3節

合衆国の上院は、各州から2人ずつ、州議会が6年の任期で選ぶ上院議員さんでできとるんや。上院議員は1人1票の投票権を持っとるで。

初めての選挙で上院議員が集まったら、すぐに3つのグループにできるだけ平等に分けるんや。1つ目のグループの議席は2年目の終わりに、2つ目のグループの議席は4年目の終わりに、3つ目のグループの議席は6年目の終わりに空くようにして、2年ごとに3分の1ずつ選び直すんやな。州議会が休みの間に、辞めたりして空きができたら、その州の行政府が次の州議会が開かれるまで臨時で人を決められるんや。その州議会で正式に空きを埋めるんやで。

上院議員になるには、30歳以上で、アメリカ市民になって9年以上たってて、選ばれるときにその州に住んどる人やないとあかんねん。

アメリカの副大統領は、上院の議長になるんや。せやけど、賛成と反対が同じ数のときだけ投票できて、普段は投票権はないんやで。

上院は、他の役員さんと、副大統領がおらんときとか副大統領が大統領の仕事をするときのための臨時議長を選ぶんや。

弾劾の裁判は全部上院だけがやる権限を持っとるんやで。弾劾裁判を開くときは、上院議員は宣誓か約束をせなあかんねん。大統領が裁判されるときは、最高裁判所の長官が進行役をするんや。誰も、出席しとる議員の3分の2が賛成せえへんかったら、有罪にはならへんで。

弾劾の判決は、役職をクビになることと、アメリカの名誉や信頼や利益がある役職に就く資格を失うこと、それ以上にはならへんのや。せやけど、有罪になった人は、法律に従って起訴されて裁判受けて判決受けて罰を受ける責任からは逃れられへんで。

第4節

上院議員と下院議員を選ぶ時期と場所とやり方は、各州で州議会が決めるんや。せやけど、連邦議会はいつでも法律で、上院議員を選ぶ場所のことを除いて、こういう決まりを作ったり変えたりできるんやで。

連邦議会は、少なくとも年に1回は会議を開くんや。この会議は、法律で別の日を決めへん限り、12月の第1月曜日に開かれるんやな。

第5節

各議院は、自分とこの議員の選挙と選挙結果の報告と資格について、自分らで判定するんや。各議院の議員の半分より多い人がおったら、議事ができる定足数になるんやで。せやけど、それより少なくても、日ごとに延ばすことはできるし、各議院が決めたやり方と罰則で、来てへん議員を無理やり来させることもできるんや。

各議院は、議事のやり方の規則を決めて、秩序を乱す議員を罰して、3分の2が賛成したら議員を追い出すこともできるんやで。

各議院は、議事録を保存して、時々これを発表するんや。せやけど、秘密にせなあかんと思う部分は、発表せんでもええんやな。各議院の議員の賛成と反対は、どんな問題でも、出席しとる議員の5分の1が求めたら、議事録に書かれるんやで。

連邦議会の会期中は、片方の議院は、もう片方の議院の同意なしに、3日を超えて休んだり、両方の議院が開かれとる場所以外のとこに移ったりしたらあかんねん。

第6節

上院議員と下院議員は、仕事に対する給料をもらうんや。給料は法律で決められて、アメリカの国庫から払われるんやで。上院議員と下院議員は、反逆罪と重罪と治安妨害の場合を除いて、議院の会期中と議院への行き帰りの途中は、逮捕されへん特権があるんや。それと、どっちかの議院での演説とか討論について、他のどこでも質問されることはないんやで。

上院議員か下院議員は、選ばれた任期の間に、作られた役職とか給料が増やされた合衆国の役職には就けへんのや。それと、合衆国の役職に就いとる人は、その間は、どっちの議院の議員にもなられへんねん。

第7節

お金を集める法案は全部、下院から始まるんや。せやけど、上院は他の法案と同じように、修正案を出したり賛成したりできるんやで。

下院と上院を通った法案は全部、法律になる前に、大統領に送られるんや。大統領が賛成やったら署名するんやで。賛成やなかったら、反対意見を付けて、法案が始まった議院に返すんや。その議院は、反対意見を全部議事録に書いて、法案をもう一回審議するんやな。もう一回審議した後、その議院の議員の3分の2が法案を通すのに賛成したら、法案は反対意見と一緒にもう片方の議院に送られるんや。そっちでも同じようにもう一回審議されて、議員の3分の2が賛成したら、法律になるんやで。せやけど、全部のこういう場合は、両方の議院の投票は賛成か反対かで決まって、法案に賛成と反対で投票した人の名前は、それぞれの議院の議事録に書かれるんや。法案が大統領に送られてから10日以内（日曜日は除く）に返されへんかったら、その法案は大統領が署名したのと同じように法律になるんやで。せやけど、連邦議会が休みになることで法案を返せへんかったら、法律にはならへんねん。

上院と下院の同意がいる命令とか決議とか投票は全部（休みに関する問題は除く）、大統領に送られるんや。それが効力を持つ前に、大統領が承認するか、大統領が承認せえへんかったときは、法案に関する規則と制限に従って、上院と下院の3分の2でもう一回可決されなあかんねん。

第8節

連邦議会は、次の権限を持っとるんやで。アメリカの借金を払って、共通の防衛と一般の福祉のために、税金とか関税とか賦課金とか消費税を取り立てること。せやけど、関税とか賦課金とか消費税は全部、アメリカ全土で同じやないとあかんねん。

アメリカの信用でお金を借りること。

外国との商売、各州の間の商売、インディアン部族との商売を規制すること。

アメリカ全土で同じ帰化の規則と、同じ破産に関する法律を作ること。

お金を作って、その価値と外国のお金の価値を決めて、度量衡の標準を決めること。

アメリカの証券と通貨の偽造に対する罰則を決めること。

郵便局と郵便道路を作ること。

著作者と発明者に、それぞれの著作と発明について、一定期間、独占的な権利を保障することで、科学と便利な技術の進歩を応援すること。

最高裁判所より下の裁判所を作ること。

公海上でやった海賊行為と重罪、国際法に対する犯罪を決めて、罰すること。

戦争を宣言して、捕獲免許状を出して、陸と水の上での捕獲に関する規則を作ること。

陸軍を作って、維持すること。せやけど、この目的のお金の承認は、2年を超える期間にわたったらあかんねん。

海軍を作って、維持すること。

陸軍と海軍の統制と規律のための規則を作ること。

連邦の法律を実行して、反乱を鎮めて、侵略を追い返すために、民兵を呼ぶこと。

民兵の編成と武装と訓練、アメリカの軍務に就く民兵の部分の統制に関する規定を作ること。せやけど、各州は、それぞれ、将校を決めて、連邦議会が決めた訓練に従って民兵を訓練する権限を残しとくんや。

特定の州が譲って連邦議会が受け取ることでアメリカ政府の場所になる地区（10平方マイルを超えへんもの）について、全てのことに関して、独占的な立法権を使うこと。それと、砦とか弾薬庫とか造兵廠とか造船所とか他の必要な建物を作るために、その施設がある州の議会の同意を得て買った全ての場所について、同じ権限を使うこと。

前に書いた権限と、この憲法でアメリカ政府とかその各省とか各公務員に与えられた全ての他の権限を実行するために、必要で適切な法律を全部作ること。

第9節

今ある州のどれかが入国させてええと思う人の移住とか輸入は、1808年より前には、連邦議会が禁止することはできへんのや。せやけど、こういう輸入に対しては、1人につき10ドルを超えへん範囲で、税金とか関税をかけることはできるんやで。

人身保護令状の特権は、反乱とか侵略のときに公共の安全上必要な場合を除いて、止められることはないんや。

権利剥奪法とか遡及処罰法は、作ったらあかんねん。

人頭税とか他の直接税は、この憲法で既に指示された人口調査とか計算に比例する場合を除いて、かけたらあかんで。

どっかの州から輸出される物に対して、税金とか関税をかけたらあかんねん。

どっかの州の港に対して、商売とか税金に関する規則で、他の州の港より優遇したらあかんのや。それと、どっかの州に向かう船とかどっかの州から来る船に対して、他の州で、入港とか出港とか関税の支払いを強制したらあかんねん。

法律で決められた支出によらんと、国庫からお金を引き出したらあかんのや。全ての公金の収入と支出の定期的な報告書と会計は、時々発表されなあかんねん。

アメリカが、貴族の称号を与えたらあかんねん。それと、アメリカの下で利益とか信頼がある役職に就いとる人は、連邦議会の同意なしに、どんな国王とか君主とか外国からも、どんな種類の贈り物とか給料とか役職とか称号も受け取ったらあかんで。

第10節

どの州も、条約とか同盟とか連合を結んだり、捕獲免許状を出したり、お金を作ったり、信用証券を発行したり、金貨と銀貨以外のものを借金返すお金にしたり、権利剥奪法とか遡及処罰法とか契約上の義務を害する法律を作ったり、貴族の称号を与えたりしたらあかんねん。

どの州も、連邦議会の同意なしに、輸入とか輸出に対して、賦課金とか関税をかけたらあかんで。せやけど、その検査法を実行するために絶対に必要なものは、かけてもええんや。どの州が輸入とか輸出に対してかける賦課金とか関税の純収入は全部、アメリカの国庫のために使われるんやな。こういう法律は全部、連邦議会の修正と監督を受けなあかんねん。

どの州も、連邦議会の同意なしに、トン税をかけたり、平和なときに軍隊とか軍艦を持ったり、他の州とか外国と協定とか協約を結んだり、ほんまに侵略を受けた場合とか待ってられへん危険がある場合を除いて、戦争行為をしたりしたらあかんで。